MMPI-2, MMPI-2-RF, MMPI-3의 공통점과 차이점, 척도 구성

공통점

1. 목적
   • 세 검사 모두 개인의 성격과 정신 건강 상태를 평가하는 데 사용됩니다.
2. 척도 기반 평가
   • 모든 버전이 다수의 척도(임상 척도, 유효성 척도 등)를 사용하여 평가를 수행합니다.
3. 광범위한 적용
   • 임상 심리, 법적 환경, 교육, 조직 평가 등 다양한 분야에서 활용됩니다.
4. 기본 구조
   • MMPI-2를 기반으로 MMPI-2-RF와 MMPI-3가 개발되어 전통적 요소가 유지되고 있습니다.

 

차이점  

	MMPI-2	MMPI-2-RF	MMPI-3
문항 수	567	338	335
임상 척도	전통적 척도	재구조화된 척도	재구조화 척도 + 현대적 척도
타당도 척도	제한적	개선된 유효성 척도	추가된 현대적 유효성 척도
현대화 정도	낮음	중간	높음
적용 환경	초기 전반적 사용	법적, 임상적 사용	법적, 임상 및 다문화 환경 사용
타당도 개선	없음	있음	대폭 개선
법적 활용도	낮음	중간	높음

 

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MMPI-2, MMPI-2-RF, MMPI-3의 척도 구성 비교

 

MMPI-2 is composed of over 120 scales: The 567-item 

Validity Indicators
Superlative Self-Presentation Subscales
Clinical Scales
Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
Content Scales
Content Component Scales
Supplementary Scales
Clinical Subscales (Harris-Lingoes and Social Introversion Subscales)

 

Validity Indicators

?(CNS) - Cannot Say (reported as a raw score)
VRIN - Variable Response Inconsistency
TRIN - True Response Inconsistency
F - Infrequency
FB - Back F
FP - Infrequency – Psychopathology
FBS - Symptom Validity
L - Lie
K - Correction
S - Superlative Self-Presentation

 

Clinical Scales

1 Hs - Hypochondriasis
2 D - Depression
3 Hy - Hysteria
4 Pd - Psychopathic Deviate
5 Mf - Masculinity/Femininity
6 Pa - Paranoia
7 Pt - Psychasthenia
8 Sc - Schizophrenia
9 Ma- Hypomania
0 Si - Social Introversion

Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales

RCd (dem) - Demoralization
RC1 (som) - Somatic Complaints
RC2 (lpe) - Low Positive Emotions
RC3 (cyn) - Cynicism
RC4 (asb) - Antisocial Behavior
RC6 (per) - Ideas of Persecution
RC7 (dne) - Dysfunctional Negative Emotions
RC8 (abx) - Aberrant Experiences
RC9 (hpm) - Hypomanic Activation

 

Content Scales

ANX -   Anxiety
FRS -   Fears
OBS -   Obsessiveness
DEP -   Depression
HEA -   Health Concerns
BIZ -     Bizarre Mentation
ANG -  Anger
CYN -  Cynicism
ASP -   Antisocial Practices
TPA -   Type A
LSE -   Low Self-Esteem
SOD -  Social Discomfort
FAM -   Family Problems
WRK -  Work Interference
TRT -   Negative Treatment Indicators

PSY-5 (Personality Psychopathology Five)

AGGR -Aggressiveness
PSYC -Psychoticism
DISC - Disconstraint
NEGE -Negative Emotionality / Neuroticism
INTR -  Introversion / Low Positive Emotionality

 

Broad Personality Characteristics
A -   Anxiety
R -  Repression
Es - Ego Strength
Do -Dominance
Re -Social Responsibility

Generalized Emotional Distress
Mt -      College Maladjustment
PK -     Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder – Keane
MDS - Marital Distress

Behavioral Dyscontrol
Ho -         Hostility
O-H -       Overcontrolled Hostility
MAC-R - MacAndrew-Revised
AAS -      Addiction Admission
APS -      Addiction Potential

Gender Role
GM - Gender Role – Masculine
GF -  Gender Role – Feminine

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MMPI-2-RF consists of 51 scales: The 338-item 

Validity Indicators
Higher-Order (H-O) Scales
Somatic/Cognitive Scales
Internalizing Scales
Externalizing Scales
Interpersonal Scales
Interest Scales

Validity Indicators

CNS – Cannot Say
VRIN-r  – Variable Response Inconsistency
TRIN-r – True Response Inconsistency
F-r – Infrequent Responses
Fp-r – Infrequent Psychopathology Responses
Fs – Infrequent Somatic Responses
FBS-r – Symptom Validity
RBS – Response Bias
L-r – Uncommon Virtues
K-r – Adjustment Validity

Higher-Order (H-O) Scales

EID – Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction
THD – Thought Dysfunction
BXD – Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction

Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales

RCd-(dem) – Demoralization
RC1-(som) – Somatic Complaints
RC2-(lpe) – Low Positive Emotions
RC3-(cyn) – Cynicism
RC4-(asb) – Antisocial Behavior
RC6-(per) – Ideas of Persecution
RC7-(dne) – Dysfunctional Negative Emotions
RC8-(abx) – Aberrant Experiences
RC9-(hpm) – Hypomanic Activation

Somatic/Cognitive Scales

MLS – Malaise
GIC – Gastro-Intestinal Complaints
HPC – Head Pain Complaints
NUC – Neurological Complaints
COG – Cognitive Complaints

Internalizing Scales

SUI – Suicidal/Death Ideation
HLP – Helplessness/Hopelessness
SFD – Self-Doubt
NFC – Inefficacy
STW – Stress/Worry
AXY – Anxiety
ANP -Anger Proneness
BRF – Behavior-Restricting Fears
MSF – Multiple Specific Fears

Externalizing Scales

JCP – Juvenile Conduct Problems
SUB – Substance Abuse
AGG – Aggression
ACT – Activation

Interpersonal Scales

FML – Family Problems
IPP – Interpersonal Passivity
SAV – Social Avoidance
SHY – Shyness
DSF – Disaffiliativeness

Interest Scales

AES – Aesthetic-Literary Interests
MEC – Mechanical-Physical Interests

PSY-5 (Personality Psychopathology Five) Scales, Revised

AGGR-r – Aggressiveness-Revised
PSYC-r – Psychoticism-Revised
DISC-r – Disconstraint-Revised
NEGE-r – Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism, Revised
INTR-r – Introversion / Low Positive Emotionality, Revised

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MMPI-3 consists of 52 scales: The 335-item 

Validity Scales
Higher-Order (H-O) Scales
Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales
Somatic/Cognitive Scales
Internalizing Scales
Externalizing Scales
Interpersonal Scales
Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales

Validity Scales

CRIN — Combined Response Inconsistency — Combination of random and fixed inconsistent responding
VRIN — Variable Response Inconsistency — Random responding
TRIN — True Response Inconsistency — Fixed responding
F — Infrequent Responses — Responses infrequent in the general population
Fp — Infrequent Psychopathology Responses — Responses infrequent in psychiatric populations
Fs — Infrequent Somatic Responses — Somatic complaints infrequent in medical patient populations
FBS — Symptom Validity Scale — Non-credible somatic and cognitive complaints
RBS — Response Bias Scale — Exaggerated memory complaints
L — Uncommon Virtues — Rarely claimed moral attributes or activities
K — Adjustment Validity — Uncommonly high level of psychological adjustment

Higher-Order (H-O) Scales

EID — Emotional / Internalizing Dysfunction — Problems associated with mood and affect
THD — Thought Dysfunction — Problems associated with disordered thinking
BXD — Behavioral / Externalizing Dysfunction — Problems associated with under-controlled behavior

Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales

RCd — Demoralization (DEM) — General unhappiness and dissatisfaction
RC1 — Somatic Complaints (SOM) — Diffuse physical health complaints
RC2 — Low Positive Emotions (LPE) — Lack of positive emotional responsiveness
RC4 — Antisocial Behavior (ASB) — Rule breaking and irresponsible behavior
RC6 — Ideas of Persecution (PER) — Self-referential beliefs that others pose a threat
RC7 — Dysfunctional Negative Emotions (DNE) — Maladaptive anxiety, anger, irritability
RC8 — Aberrant Experiences (ABX) — Unusual perceptions or thoughts associated with thought dysfunction
RC9 — Hypomanic Activation (HPM) — Overactivation, aggression, impulsivity, and grandiosity

Somatic/Cognitive Scales

MLS — Malaise — Overall sense of physical debilitation, poor health
NUC — Neurological Complaints — Dizziness, weakness, paralysis, loss of balance, etc.
EAT — Eating concerns — Problematic eating behaviors
COG — Cognitive Complaints — Memory problems, difficulties concentrating

Internalizing Scales

SUI — Suicidal/Death Ideation — Direct reports of suicidal ideation and recent attempts
HLP — Helplessness/Hopelessness — Belief that goals cannot be reached or problems solved
SFD — Self-Doubt — Lack of self-confidence, feelings of uselessness
NFC — Inefficacy — Belief that one is indecisive and inefficacious
STR — Stress — Problems involving stress and nervousness
WRY — Worry — Excessive worry and preoccupation
CMP — Compulsivity — Engaging in compulsive behaviors
ARX — Anxiety-Related Experiences — Multiple anxiety-related experiences such as catastrophizing, panic, dread, and intrusive ideation
ANP — Anger Proneness — Becoming easily angered, impatient with others
BRF — Behavior-Restricting Fears — Fears that significantly inhibit normal behavior

Externalizing Scales

FML — Family Problems — Conflictual family relationships
JCP — Juvenile Conduct Problems — Difficulties at school and at home, stealing
SUB — Substance Abuse — Current and past misuse of alcohol and drugs
IMP — Impulsivity — Poor impulse control and nonplanful behavior
ACT — Activation — Heightened excitation and energy level
AGG — Aggression — Physically aggressive, violent behavior
CYN —Cynicism — Non-self-referential beliefs that others are bad and not to be trusted

Interpersonal Scales

SFI — Self-Importance — Beliefs related to having special talents and abilities
DOM — Dominance — Being domineering in relationships with others
DSF — Disaffiliativeness — Disliking people and being around them
SAV — Social Avoidance — Not enjoying and avoiding social events
SHY — Shyness — Feeling uncomfortable and anxious in the presence of others

Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales

AGGR — Aggressiveness — Instrumental, goal-directed aggression
PSYC — Psychoticism — Disconnection from reality
DISC — Disconstraint — Under-controlled behavior
NEGE — Negative Emotionality / Neuroticism — Anxiety, insecurity, worry, and fear
INTR — Introversion / Low Positive Emotionality-Revised — Social disengagement and anhedonia

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MMPI-2, MMPI-2-RF, MMPI-3 척도 구성 비교 표

 

	MMPI-2	MMPI-2-RF	MMPI-3
Validity Scales	CNS, L, F, K, Fb, VRIN, TRIN, Fp, FBS, S	CNS, VRIN-r, TRIN-r, L-r, F-r, Fp-r, Fs, FBS-r, RBS	CRIN, VRIN, TRIN, L, F, K, Fp, Fs, FBS, RBS
Clinical Scales	Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Mf, Pa, Pt, Sc, Ma, Si	-	-
Restructured Clinical Scales (RC)	RCd, RC1, RC2, RC3, RC4, RC6, RC7, RC8, RC9	RCd, RC1, RC2, RC3, RC4, RC6, RC7, RC8, RC9	RCd, RC1, RC2, RC3, RC4, RC6, RC7, RC8, RC9
Higher-Order Scales (H-O)	-	EID, THD, BXD	EID, THD, BXD
Specific Problem Scales	-	MLS, GIC, HPC, NUC, COG	MLS, NUC, EAT, COG
		SUI, HLP, SFD, NFC, STW, AXY, ANP, BRF, MSF	SUI, HLP, SFD, NFC, STR, WRY, CMP, ARX, ANP, BRF
		JCP, SUB, AGG, ACT	FML, JCP, SUB, IMP, ACT, AGG, CYN
		FML, IPP, SAV, SHY, DSF	SFI, DOM, DSF, SAV, SHY
Content Scales	ANX, FRS, OBS, DEP, HEA, BIZ, ANG, CYN, ASP, TPA, LSE, SOD, FAM, WRK, TRT	-	-
Supplemental Scales	A, R, Es, Do, Re, Mt, PK, MDS, Ho, O-H, MAC-R, AAS, APS, GM, GF	-	-
PSY-5 Scales	AGGR, PSYC, DISC, NEGE, INTR	AGGR-r, PSYC-r, DISC-r, NEGE-r, INTR-r	AGGR, PSYC, DISC, NEGE, INTR

 

보다 구체적인 내용은 아래의 페이지에서 확인해보실 수 있습니다.

 

MMPI-3 - University of Minnesota Press

MMPI-3 - University of Minnesota Press

MMPI-2-RF - University of Minnesota Press

MMPI-2-RF - University of Minnesota Press

MMPI-2 - University of Minnesota Press

MMPI-2 - University of Minnesota Press

(주)마음사랑

(주)마음사랑

 

 

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